Halloween.....\_/

Halloween is a U.S. holiday that has its origins from holidays celticheLa word "Halloween" has far Anglo-Saxon origin , can be traced back to the tradition of the Catholic Church and is probably derived from a contraction of the phrase " All Hallows Eve " which is celebrated on the night of All Saints October 31 , given that in the fifth century BC Celtic in Ireland coincided with the end of summer :

on this occasion - called Samhain ( pronounced soueen ) - the typical colors were orange to commemorate the harvest and thus the end of the summer and black to symbolize the impending darkness of winter .

HOW AND WHERE AND ' BORN THE HALLOWEEN PARTY ?

Legend has it that the wandering spirits of those who died during the year they turn on the night of October 31 in search of a body to possess for the next year . The Celts believed that on this magical night all physical laws that govern space and time were suspended , making it possible for the fusion of the real world and the hereafter.

Of course, the living did not want to be possessed ! Therefore, the village farmers made ​​their homes cold and undesirable extinguishing the fires in the fireplaces and made their bodies masquerading as horrible monsters wandering through the house to run away in fear all the spirits who met !

Another explanation of why the Celts be darkened every fire does not lie in discouraging the possession of their bodies, but in the fact that every home riaccendessero taking the flame from a single giant Druidic fire that was lit in the night of October 31 in the middle of Ireland to Usinach .

The Romans made their Celtic practices . But with the passage of time vanished the fear of being possessed by the spirits and was only the tradition of dressing up .

Halloween was brought to the U.S. in the 1840s by Irish immigrants fleeing the potato famine that struck their homeland.

The tradition of " trick-or -treat " - trick or treat want to have originated from the Celts but not from a European practice of the ninth century AD called in English " Souling " we could traddure in Italian as "begging soul." On November 2 , All Saints Day , early Christians were wandering from village to village begging for a little ' " bread of the soul" square-shaped sweet made with raisins (such as our " rosemary bread " ) . Sweetest received more prayers they would promise to dead relatives of the donors. At that time it was believed that the dead remained in limbo for a time after death, and that the prayers also from outsiders could make it quicker passage to heaven.

WHO ' JACK -O- LANTERN ?

WHY 'YOU HOLLOW PUMPKINS ?

The tradition of Jack-o -lantern probably comes from Irish folklore . Legend has it that a man named Jack , known cheater and criminal, tricked Satan challenged him on the night of All Saints to climb a tree whose bark on a cross engraved by trapping him in the branches . Jack made a pact with the devil if he had more temptations that he would come down from the tree. After the death of Jack, the legend goes , he was prevented from entering paradise because of misconduct had in life , but was denied entrance to hell because he had tricked the devil. Satan then handed him a small ember of hell to light the way in the terrible darkness that surrounded him . To last longer than the flame Jack dug a big kohlrabi and I put it inside.

The Irish originally used the kale but when they arrived in the U.S. in 1840 found that American turnips were small, but also that pumpkins were bigger and easier to dig kale . That's why to this day Jack-o -lantern is a carved pumpkin inside which is placed a lantern.

The origin of my name

The name "Nicholas" comes from the greek (Nikolaos), Latinized to Nicolaus, consists of νίκη (Nike, "victory") and (laos, "the people, the crowd"). The meaning can be interpreted as "people's victory", "people of victory", "winner of the people" or "winner among the people."

The spread of the name is closely linked to the veneration of Saint Nicholas, a grace we spread throughout the Christian world was brought by five popes and two tsars. It is common in England, in the form of Nicholas, since the twelfth century, rarificandosi slightly after the Protestant Reformation.

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Some typical products of my city.

Mondragone is one of the most renowned regards the production of buffalo mozzarella, is the city which produces the most delicious mozzarella ke you can enjoy and be prepared very carefully. Walking through the city streets, you have early perception that allocate the large number of dairies in the area. The activity is one of the major outlets for the Mondragonesi. During the summer, many tourists flock to taste the cheese dairies of Mondragone. There are various reliefs film mentioning the City for its mozzarella. Among them, the explicit reference in the film "Il Divo", by Charles Buccirosso or actor in the movie "Capercaillie" in 1998 by Carlo Verdone.

Another typical sweet mondragone scrippella.è is a very sweet but very good flavored with the cannella.Is prepared with the huge tanks filled with a paste which is then fried secret, giving the pasta a round shape, then it is removed from 'oil and is sweetened and aromatizzata.Maggiormente is used as an invitation to a wedding and then to it are added confetti ...: D ... a true goodness ... <3

Sant'Anna a monte

The monastery of Sant'Anna in Monte, called "de vivis acquis", was built on land donated by Queen Agnes of the Sacred specus to the monks of Subiaco. In 1342, two monks of the aforesaid monastery, with the permission of their abbot, founded this building. Its slow decline begins about three hundred years later, in 1500, with several raids by the Saracens. Towards the middle of 700, a first attempt is initiated restructuring, to the abbot by Nicola Salerno.
On 7 September 2000, the heirs Lapiello give the monastery with the surrounding land to the parish priest Don Franco Alfieri, who in collaboration with the municipal administration was instrumental in the construction of a concrete road. The monastery needs refurbishment and enhancement. Finally, it is worth mentioning that thanks to the parishioners of the community of San Rufino, every year on July 26, we are celebrating St. Anne.
         







SANTUARIO DEL BELVEDERE
This structure was built around 1200 , and no one knows with certainty what were the first inhabitants . What is known for sure is that , from 1569 to 1624 , the sanctuary would carry the Carmelite Fathers , who restructured the adjacent convent . At that time Mondragone was ruled by lords Carafa , constantly threatened by the danger turkish . Between 1542 and 1550 there was the utter devastation of the small sanctuary by the Saracens . The apse we see is still the original . During a fire, procured by the Turks , was also set on fire the holy icon of Our Lady Incaldana , of Byzantine , dating back to the XII - XIII century. He came out unscathed .
On 26 April 1624 the Carmelite Fathers , after 55 years of service , had to leave the convent because of the barbarian invasions and the excessive distance from Mondragone and Carinola . Meanwhile, a dispute arose between Mondragone and Piedimonte of Sessa for the allocation of the icon of Our Lady Incaldana , as the Carmelite fathers , forced to leave the place , they had to entrust the piece of art to one of the contenders . It was thought to a stratagem , and took two oxen , one for each of the two countries , and to them was entrusted the task of conducting the picture. The dispute would be resolved by the management that they would take the animals. They made ​​their way to Mondragone , on the Appian Way , and on the way , they stopped along said street , at the quarry Iacobucci : Here was erected a chapel , still visible . The oxen , arrived in Mondragone , died and is said to have been buried in the churchyard of the Temple Maximum of Mondragone .

La Venere di Mondragone

On January 25 , 1911 Mr. Leopoldo Schiappa was run earthworks for the planting of a vineyard in the area dell'Incaldana . During the work , the settler Antonio William, and his son John , clashed with a pick a body big and hard : amazed , saw the emergence of two pieces of land from a mutilated statue of the arms and body. Immediately the news spread in the village and the discovery was reported to the Archaeological Museum of Naples, where the statue was conducted on April 10 , 1911 , by Professor Vittorio Spinazzola .

These , by bringing together the two pieces found , rebuilt the famous statue , which he called the "Venus Sinuessana " , attributing to Praxiteles , greek great sculptor of the fourth century BC This masterpiece of Greek sculpture adorned once one of the Roman villas of Sinuessa . It is assumed that the villa belonged to Marcus Tullius Cicero [citation needed] . It represents a woman out of the bathroom , on the beach, in the act of drying , holding the sheet on the femurs . It should be noted that the statue was bought for only 500 pounds at the time, while it was at least five hundred thousand .

Sinope and Sinuessa

Many scholars have considered that before Sinuessa , there had been a Greek city called Sinope . The Latin poet Livy he spoke, in fact, in his writings, a Greek city of Sinope , but considering that his writings dating back nearly two centuries after the founding of Sinuessa , it is almost certain that, according to the custom literary era (see Virgil's Aeneid ) , the poet , would ennoble the origins of Sinuessa . Most recent archaeological research in fact, have highlighted the lack of remains , which would justify the presence of a small town before Sinuessa . In addition, the Greek colonization in Campania is back to the VIII century . BC, so much so that the first colony , here deducted and historically ascertained , it was Kyme ( Cumae ), which dates back to 740 BC .At the same time , began the colonization of the Etruscans , who in the seventh century . BC occupied the whole valley of the Volturno founding Capua. Further north there were the Latin populations which were under the influence of Etruscans and the very presence of the Etruscans and Greeks, both expanding populations , led to a status quo of the settlements started in the eighth century . BC .
Between the eighth century . BC and 430 BC , when the Etruscans were defeated and assimilated to the Samnites , Greeks and Etruscans , faced each other in continuous wars it without winners or losers , so no colony north of Cuma was deducted.Finally, the name " Synopa ." It is often identified this alleged colony , as a city founded by people coming from Pontus , but the Sinope in Pontus , was founded in 630 BC and its colonies were concentrated on the coast of the Black Sea from the next century. For the above considerations and taking into account the fact that in the sixth century. BC, in Campania are witnessing the full ascent of the Etruscans, seems to exclude the hypothesis that there has been a settlement, by the population of Pontus, on the coast of the district , which is also under the Etruscan domination .The historical accuracy of Livy is unreliable unlike the literary quality is excellent . Sinope is a deduction learned that exploits the similarity of terms:
SINUS Vescinus - Sinuessa - SINOPA .
In 296 BC Sinuessa the colony was founded , located in coastal defense access to Latium from Campania Felix adjectum . At first it was hard to find farmers willing to live in the new city , given the continuous raids sannitiche . After the final defeat of the Samnites , another enemy made ​​difficult the life of Sinuessa : in 217 BC the Numidian cavalry of Hannibal, unsuccessfully besieged and sacked the colony throughout the surrounding countryside causing enormous damage. In fact, between 207 and 191 BC , it refused to provide soldiers for the war against Antiochus of Syria, citing the defense agro and thus the economic recovery of the district .The importance of the city in the second century . BC, it is proven enlargement of the walls and the renovation of the hole in 174 BC by the censor Q. Fulvio Flacco . This importance stemmed from the wealth of the colony, due to the production of wine and the thermal waters , the names Falerno and Water Sinuessane , began to circulate in Rome and throughout the territory of the republic. In 133 BC is the scene of a bloody slave revolt , with the execution of the Shrew 4000 rioters.The first century . BC and the first century . A.D. represent the apogee of Sinuessa . The town became famous among the Roman aristocracy who built numerous villas , while the greatest poets , extolled his Falerno as among the finest wines in the known world. In 37 BC along the Appian Way , which bisects Sinuessa , I met with Virgil and Horace Maecenas , Plazio Tucca and L. Vario , engaged in bringing peace between Octavian and Antony . In A.D. 54 the powerful freedman Narcissus Claudio visit the city in 69 AD the former praetorian prefect of Nero, Ofonio Tigellino is driven to suicide on the orders of the new emperor Otho , Vitellius in the same year takes possession of the revenues of the colony that had to be substantial given that also involved with the emperor. The economy sinuessana took advantage , in 94 AD a new outlet , the largest commercial port in the South Tyrrhenian , that is, Puteoli (modern Pozzuoli) , with the construction of the Via Domitia linking the two cities.The second century. AD , coinciding with the maximum economic development of the Roman Empire , is still a period of splendor for the city and in fact you make a new arrangement of the hole and continues to be a destination for rest of the illustrious men of the empire. Between 161 and 180 A.D. Rustic, the master philosopher emperor Marcus Aurelius, stays in Sinuessa . The third century . BC represents the beginning of the economic and social decline of the city. Plotinus , Neo-Platonic philosopher , between 260 and 268 , are staying in a villa on the outskirts of Sinuessa belonging to friends. Little news this time that you have to disappear completely for the next century .Some news of the fourth century . A.D. come to us from ecclesiastical sources . Under the persecution of Christians by Diocletian between 303 and 309 AD , were martyred , the prefect of Rome Cromario who had taken refuge , the bishop of San Sinuessa Secundus and that of Sessa San Casto . In this case , the news is not very reliable due to the absolute lack of documents of the Episcopal Diocese of Sinuessa which certainly existed , but for which nothing has survived . Definitely fake, is the alleged Sinuessano Council . The city certainly had to suffer the looting of the Visigoths under Alaric in 410 AD, after the sack of Rome , they went down the peninsula through the Appia and so it was inevitable impact with Sinuessa . The archaeological remains show an abandonment of the site from the end of the third century , while they are absent altogether to the fourth century .

VIA APPIA
The Appian Way was built between 313 and 310 BC by order of Appius Claudius the Blind .
The Romans built this famous thoroughfare not only in order to expand to the south, but also in order to facilitate trade with the East and Africa , reaching the artery to Brindisi .
It crosses the campaign Mondragone on the north side , from Le Vagnole Port of Carro, at the foot of the Col Petrino , to the site of today's distemper , and from there , through the area of Limata to the point above and beyond, after having crossed the bridge Campano . As of the end of the 800, along this road , near the church of San Rocco , was held from 23 to 25 August, the cattle fair called San Bartolomeo , of ancient tradition.

The fortress of Mondragone

The fortress of Mondragone was built between the eighth and ninth centuries by veterans of the city of Sinuessa that since the end of the second century began to decline due to a crisis in agriculture and 375 suffered enormous damages as a result of a catastrophic earthquake ; survivors , also to find escape from the continuous barbaric invasions, took refuge on the slopes of Mount Petrino , where they built a fortified village and the Rock Petrina.Le encroachments continued throughout the Middle Ages and the city exhausted by the countless attacks was reduced to a miserable village . At the beginning of the eleventh century made ​​their appearance the Normans who occupied the ancient Roman village Petrinum and widened the fortification of the fortress .
The original structure of this building is not the same today that you can imagine observing the ruins still exist. The towers that still glimpsed , some square , some round , lead us to think that they were built at different times and no doubt there was already an old building before they realized the imposing fortress. There are traces of Etruscan remains of buildings and even Roman . The architectural lines make us infer that it is a building built between the High and Late Middle Ages , and which has undergone changes over the centuries . The current castle is a massive square building consists of two floors resting on the steep part of the mountain, with its foundations that follow the rolling rock. The main entrance was located to the west. At present the castle is reduced to ruins of which over time will disappear permanently .

My Town

Mondragone is an Italian town of 27,405 inhabitants in the province of Caserta Campania.

It's a very beautiful city, full of fantastic monuments such as the "Ducal Palace", "The Fortress" on "Mount Petrino" etc ... and there are still many things to discover about the history of this wonderful country. Mondragone is a fairly large city and has both the sea with the beach and also the mountain with the monuments above.The origins of the city , located between the plain of the Volturno and Garigliano , date back to the Quaternary period and the early inhabitants of the area , after the Neolithic period , were the Auruncis . They lived in villages scattered throughout the territory , with no fortifications were easy prey and then the Romans, who overpowered them , and in 296 BC founded the colony of Sinuessa (which, during that period , it became part of the Pentapolis aurunca ), near the hills of Vescia , on the site of the Greek city of Sinope
. The fertility of the soil and the proximity of the sea meant that in a short time the colony was populated , attracting a number of citizens and coming to contain nearly 9000 in the flat area . Starting then from the second century BC began to spread the culture of the vine, in a short time the wine production of Falerno , praised by Virgil in numerous works such as " nectar of the gods" , reached very remarkable results , and the city began to enjoy wide renown . In addition, the proximity of the Via Appia facilitated trade and tourism. In fact, many Roman citizens , politicians, rich merchants, contractors , vied with each other to build villas and vacation homes , as the poet Turpilio , Cicero, Gaius Ofonio Tigellino ( the cruel praetorian prefect ) and , in short, became a center Sinuessa very famous tourist , even for highly curative properties of its spa , suitable , according to tradition, not only to treat infertility in women but also mental illness.
In the first century A.D. the city reached the highest shine for the inauguration of another important road junction , the Domitian Way . But since the end of the second century began the decline , due to a crisis in agriculture . In 375 suffered enormous damages as a result of a catastrophic earthquake , and the survivors , also to find escape from the continuous barbaric invasions, took refuge on the slopes of Mount Petrino , where they built a fortified village and the Rock Petrina .
The invasions continued throughout the Middle Ages and the city exhausted by the countless attacks was reduced to a miserable village , which took the name of Petrinum . At the beginning of the eleventh century made ​​their appearance the Normans who occupied the ancient Roman village Petrinum and widened the fortification of the fortress . The castle was an important military post that is under the Swabians with Anjou . Following will be altered by the Aragonese .
The territory passed into the hands of various local lords , by Marzano , Dukes of Sessa , Antonio Carafa of Stigliano , an adviser to King Ferrante , and in 1461 was elevated to a Duchy . On the death of Nicholas Gusman Carafa , Prince of Stigliano , the estate was sold and purchased in 1691 by the Marquis of Clarafuentes , Don Marcantonio Grillo, to the tune of about 550,000 ducats. The nephew of these , Don Domenico Grillo , was the last Duke of Mondragone until 1806 , when it was abolished feudalism. Domain of Grillo is testimony to the Ducal Palace .
After the French domination of the Kingdom of Naples ( 1815 ) , Mondragone passed into the hands of the Bourbons and remained there until the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy .
During the Second World War the city of Mondragone gave proof of great courage by opposing the German occupation by all means , please note therefore the grim massacre of Cement recently recognized by the President of the Republic Carlo Azeglio Ciampi with the gold medal for civil valor .There are many speculations about the origin of the name Mondragone. According to one hypothesis, the name comes from the name given to the Rock by the Normans, Rocca Dragon, almost on a voluntary basis to the wife of Count Richard II, the daughter of the Dragon, count of Apulia, called Rocca. A second hypothesis takes its name derived from the similarity of Petrino mountain, overlooking the city, with a dragon. More striking is legendary and the third hypothesis that wants the origin of the name depends on the existence of a dragon that appestava whereabouts and killed anyone in its path. The hypothesis is that more true at the time of the invasion of barbarians, the family of the Dragons were forced to flee the country and seek refuge in the castle on Mount Petrino overlooking the city and from there the name of Monte Dragone that over time has become precisely Mondragone.

I introduce myself

Welcome to my Blog :)....My names is Nicola and my surname is Malizioso.I'm fifteen years old.I'm from Mondragone and I live in 11 febbraio street.In my family there are five people,my father,my mother,my brother,my sister and I.My sister,my brother and my father work.My father does wells,my sister work on a farm,my mother is housewife and finally my brother working as a laborer.We live very well together.I attend high school language(Galileo Galilei) of my city and study many subjects above all:English,French and Spanish.I like to study Spanish and Sciencie,my favourite subject are:Physical Education,Sciencie,Spanish,Grammar and English.